Engineering arowana fish culture

Basic considerations determining the location of Arowana fish consists of several variables, among others: location, the availability of land, allotment (Zoning), transportation facilities, support facilities, the attitudes of local communities and government strategies. One of the key to the success of seedling arowana is the availability of facilities and infrastructure in line with the needs of the most important part in the cultivation arowana fish as follows: 

Animal Husbandry land Arowana important factors cultivation

In general, cultivation Arowana can be done anywhere, not to be in West Kalimantan. Terms are not noisy location, far from the residential environment, around the location is still free of pollution, both air and water, free of floods and water conditions in accordance with the original habitat. The certainty of water supply must be ensured at all times, including during the dry season. 

Pemijahan/ marriage arowana on the principle can be done in the aquarium, but the risk of failure is high enough, so that the spawning should be done in the pool. Arowana can memijah/ marriage in the pond treatment in accordance with the original habitat. 

The area of land must be adjusted with a minimum area of the pond water, swimming spawning, the number of aquarium enlargement burayak, feed, food warehouses, and complement other buildings such as offices operational, the laboratory building, building mechanical electrical, guard post, and other buildings, road environment, fence circumference, machinery and equipment supporting other supporting facilities as commercial fish cultivation properly. Conditions need to be swimming conditions such as soil erosion is so easy swimming made permanent and free flooding. Area ponds breeding / spawning, the water catchments area of the pond must be proportional. Capacity number of mechanical and electrical production capacity is adjusted with a pond and the width of roads and other facilities are tailored to the shape and location of the land. 

Area pond breeding / spawning should be adjusted to the number of partner or parent arowana. As an illustration, the pair have 5 broad swimming should arowana that is built with 125-175 square meters to the 2,5-3 meters with a slope of 10-15o. Swimming should be easily cleaned or drain the water. In the pond breeding / spawning process will occur mate eggs and incubation. 

Area of the pond water should be adjusted to the number of parent arowana. As a broad picture of the pond water is ideal for the development of two pairs of arowana is the parent P (9-10 m) x L (4 - 5 m) with a maximum depth of 3 meters. Swimming water works to contain the water if the drought and the place / container settle before the water flowed into the pond breeding / spawning. 

Meanwhile, the number of aquarium to breed or enlargement burayak is 4-5 with fruit size 120 x 60 x 50 cm, which is placed in a special room. Platforms such as the feeding fish, frogs and other knowledgeable with 0.75 to 1.5 square meters. This amount, with the assumption of two pairs of parent and arowana be laying. 

next......

by UJP pangaloan: please contact: loan709@yahoo.com 

The super-duper red arowana

Super Red Arowana (Sclerophages formosus), which is endemic to Kapuas River and Sentarum Lake, off western Kalimantan island, is one of nature's wonders. 

The fish has charmed collectors who hold strong to the belief that it brings good luck and fortune. Others are willing to spend their money simply because they are bewitched by the fish's beauty. 

Widely known by collectors as the freshwater bony fish, local people in Kalimantan affectionately call this fish siluk. 

The fish has a huge family whose species are classified based on their color -- like blood red, chili red and orange red. 

Unlike any other fish, from birth, young arowanas are the same shape as adults ones, with elongated bodies, bony heads, whiskers, small dorsal and anal fins, as well as pectoral and ventral fins. 

The elongated body of an adult fish is usually covered with large, heavy scales, with a mosaic pattern of canals. 

The reddish color will appear when the fish reaches 3 or 4 years old. Hobbyists invent tricks to speed up the color growth. 

The Super Red Arowana is a source of pride in Indonesia, leading to the establishment of companies like the Kalimantan-based PT Inti Kapuas Arowana Tbk (now known as PT Inti Agri Resources Tbk), which operates a fish farm near Kapuas River, Pontianak.

Quality determinants of Ornamental Fish

Quality ornamental fish breeders Indonesia produced less well when compared with fish from Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore, Singapore has made some improvement and enlargement of the fish that will be exported. It is a big fish, ornamental fish that will be exported. Repairs carried out by the quality of feeding and management Farm applied by the farmer, Singapore, in the Park Agrotechnology support by the government, therefore, Singapore now control 25% of the world's ornamental fish market.

The quality of fish that have not been fully sold well, Reading, fish, livestock imported from the pickup and is a combination of some of the farmers. It is an exporter of fish from the plasma facility has the ability and resources indebted different.

While some improvements to the quality of fish require some companies to improve the quality of exporters, such as quality management system as follows:

Fish Management Arrival

Management is the arrival of fish-Troy fish from abroad by way of acclimatization on water quality in the company's facilities. Typically, these fish form breeder for production or import of the fish will be exported. New fish should not be mixed with the old stock, unless the fish have adapted to the environment at least 48 hours of arrival 48 hours before or exported.

Care places packaging

Place before packing fish exported must always be maintained regularly to stay clean. The business is to minimize contamination from the disease outside the place packaging. Employees will also have to resemble clean hands and feet with disinfectant before entering the place packaging. Employees will be packaging must clean feet and hands with disinfectant before entering the place packaging. In addition, it is necessary to check the concentration of disinfectant each time. The birds, dogs, cats and can not go to the place of packing, because the disease will become a mediator to the fish. Meanwhile, plastic and Styrofoam used to be free from Contamination and can not eat the fish in the packaging.

Treatment before sending the fish

The fish will be sent abroad can not get fluctuations rays or light, and water quality, which drastically. Labeling all the aquarium should be made to accommodate the fish easily retrieved, the error can be avoided, and easily controlled. In addition, the aquarium should also be easily controlled when a time.

Prevention and treatment of fish disease

Prevention of disease among fish, all equipment must disinfectant. Nets used for each aquarium or a different vessel to avoid the spread of the disease. If there are fish that show symptoms of stress and injury, disease, the fish must be immediately cured, isolation on the vessel apart, and can not be exported. The use of drugs is used only when necessary. The use of the drug dose should be supervised by experts. Recording of the disease, treatment, and mortality of fish needed for further treatment.

Quality Water Management

The system filters must be checked and treated regularly. Quality and maintenance of water sources should be checked regularly and is set on standard conditions. Measurements of water quality on standard conditions include the oxygen dissolved, PH, and the content of the water that is free ammonia, Nitrite and nitrate. Water is adjusted to the conditions that required the fish.

Arowana symbol Prestige and get Hockey

lkan arowana origin Indonesia - mainly the result penangkaran - can be sold or exported. It has received approval Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Once infected with a spear, children issued through the mouth fish, and fishermen are ready to pick it up with throw nets or collection with a scoop. After getting young arowana, fishermen landed, and there is also awaited by the collector / local traders.
Arowana estimated export quota until 2001, can reach the quota more than 10 thousand tails. This means the export market of arowana really sexy. Moreover, the price is very interesting. I arowana export of the super red with a body length 10-15 cm in Taiwan reached Rp 1 million, even in Japan can jump up to Rp 2 million. In addition to Taiwan and Japan, the country's other export destinations are Hong Kong, Korea, and Singapore.

Meanwhile, the price of young arowana yellow gold in West Kalimantan around Rp 100 thousand per head, while the red type reached Rp 250 thousand per head. But not surprised, that price is a transaction between fishermen arowana catcher in the Nanga Jentawang River and Lake Piam (Kal-Bar) with a local collector. From the hands of collectors, arowana entered into a plastic bag filled with water and oxygen, then glide to Sintang. Forwarded to Muzaffarabad, either by car or plane ride somewhere. Then, Pontianak and sold to Surabaya, Jakarta, Singapore or direct breach.

Arowana see that the price is not cheap, yet the fans do not take headache. Really, if we come to the house around us, comrade, arowana stockholders in the aquarium. Sometimes kept in the room, or in family rooms, or in the garden around the house. For the fans who had glad with arowana, he unsparing collecting about. There arowana type of red, golden, red, golden, silver, black, and green. For the case, can raise the status, prestige, prestige or the owner. In fact some fans think, this fish arowana able to bring hockey (fortune). Believe it or not, it's you!

Potential Kalimantan Barat arowana this problem is unique. Dayak people call: "siluk", "peyang," "dragon", "heaven", or "arowana". And the story is not necessarily a matter of arowana terlepaskan the area of West Kalimantan. Why? In the tempo doeloe, fish arowana is still a fish consumption. Kapuas river waters in West Kalimantan, many found arowana. And cell number of fish arowana in the sprawling border river. Decompose vain. Or sometimes taken for people to be salted fish. But following the lapse of time, the fans covered in ornamental fish, the beauty of the fish displayed arowana this.


Once infected with a spear, children issued through the mouth fish, and fishermen are ready to pick it up with throw nets or collect with a scoop. After getting young arowana, fishermen landed, and there is also awaited by the collector / local traders. Brought before the "outside", it should need to obtain permission and the PHPA (Forest Protection and Nature). Yeah, still often found smuggling through the Supadio Airport, Pontianak. Smugglers deliberately blend young arowana with other young fish that are not protected (indigo, tawes and so forth). Or there is also entered in a plastic bag that contains oxygen, and were in a suitcase with shirt .. Really concerned officials Kal-Bar challenge to the tremendous potential that this could become assets of the province, especially in the era of regional autonomy. Not only to maintain security for the brake occurrence of smuggling, but also how technical penangkaran fish arowana increasingly socialized to the Dayak people. For economically, clearly profitable!
Source: (Hieronymus Budi Santoso)

Orangutans: From illegal trade to conservation

Nine-year-old Yuni held on tight to her mother's hand as a large orangutan approached an enclosure window of the Smutzer Primate Center in Ragunan Zoo, South Jakarta.

"Mama, it's a giant orangutan ... bigger than the orangutan pictures in my animal book," said the little girl excitedly.

Yuni is indeed lucky to see a real orangutan up close; it is quite possible that in the years ahead, children will no longer be able to see this species alive.

Experts estimate that orangutans could become extinct in the wild within 25 years. At present, there are an estimated 54,000 Kalimantan orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) in Kalimantan, and approximately 6,600 Sumateran orangutans (Pongo Abelii) in Sumatra.

Numbers are getting smaller though, due to illegal animal trading and Indonesia's dwindling forests; a direct result of illegal logging and "slash and burn" agriculture.

In some pet markets in Jakarta, certain traders secretly sell orangutans at expensive prices. The purchase of such animals is not easy; a lot of money is required to bribe authorities and pay for the issuance of documentation to avoid arrest by police.

Irma Haerawati from the Animal Advocacy Institution said she believed many traders still sold orangutans, but they were more careful than before.

"Traders sell orangutans secretly. Customers have to make a down payment first before they buy the animal," Irma, who also works for Profauna Indonesia, a non-governmental organization concerned with the protection of wild animals and their habitats, told The Jakarta Post.

She said the government should investigate the issue further.

"They should find the 'mafia' behind this activity. Usually the government only arrests the small traders," Irma added.

Profauna Indonesia regularly conducts investigations into illegal orangutan trading. The organization has found that around 1,000 Kalimantan orangutans are smuggled into Java and overseas every year; 95 percent of them are very young.

The smugglers deliver them by passenger or cargo ships from Kalimantan that dock in Semarang, Central Java, or Surabaya in East Java before being transported to Jakarta or overseas.

The traders have also been known to transport orangutans overseas on planes departing the international airports of Soekarno-Hatta, in Jakarta, and Sam Ratulangi, in Manado, North Sulawesi.

Irma criticized the country's poor law enforcement, which had a "non-deterrent" effect. Article 21 of regulation number 5/1990 on natural resources conservation, she said, states that trade and ownership of protected animals is prohibited and carries a maximum 5-years prison sentence or a Rp 100 million (US$10,000) fine. However, perpetrators get off with lighter sentences.

"The last case was in 2004, when an orangutan trader was sentenced to only 6 months after he had sold three orangutans overseas," Irma said.

Even though it is widely known that orangutans are a protected species, ownership of the animal, in some circles, is considered prestigious. According to one orangutan trader, most of his customers are wealthy people with certain political power.

A number of entertainment groups also exploit orangutans in animal-attraction shows.

"We seized 13 orangutans that were performing at Ancol in 2007. They were delivered to a conservation center in Kalimantan, because all of them were from that area," said Irma.

When Profauna discovers orangutans living outside their natural habitat, the organization coordinates with the Animal Rescue center (PPS) from the Natural Resources Conservation Agency.

"We work together with this agency to evacuate orangutans, because they have the authority to conduct raids and confiscate the animals," Irma said.

Since November 2007, PPS Tegal Alur in Jakarta has rescued seven Kalimantan orangutans.
The orangutans PPS rescues receive an intensive examination; many of them are found to be infected by tuberculosis and hepatitis, therefore require serious treatment before the center can send them to a conservation center.

Orangutans that have lived with humans for a long time also take on human behaviors, Irma said. The group have encountered many orangutans that smoke cigarettes, drink beer and even act like human beings.

Besides working together with NGOs, PPS deploys some of its members to work undercover to find people who keep orangutans in their homes or who trade them at the pet markets.

"We persuade the orangutan owners to give the animals to us," said Mujiastuti from PPS.

PPS often requests police assistance if the owners refuse to hand the animals over.

"We also rescue confiscated orangutans from foiled smuggling operations to overseas destinations," Mujiastuti added.

She said the number of orangutans known to be smuggled had declined in recent years, as indicated by the small number of confiscated animals.

"The number is lower compared to previous years," she said.

Orangutans free from diseases are taken to conservation centers in Sumatra and Kalimantan or to Ragunan Zoo. The chief of Ragunan Zoo's conservation center, Bambang Triana, said the center had 55 kalimantan orangutans in its Smutzer Primate Center; 28 of them are male, and the rest are female.

"Since 2005, five baby orangutans have been born here. This is a success story for the conservation center," Bambang said.

"Another female is still pregnant, maybe in two months she will have her baby," said Heriyanto, a keeper from Smutzer.

The conservation center also receives orangutans from people who "donate" them without revealing their names.

"Most of them know that keeping an orangutan is against the law, so they probably didn't want their names known," Bambang added.

No one knows what could happen to orangutans in the years ahead if illegal trading of the animal and illegal logging are allowed to continue in the country unabated.

Hopefully these beautiful creatures will still exist; otherwise children like Yuni would only be able to see them in picture books.
Source:Nani Afrida ,The Jakarta Post

Arowana, Interesting And Performance

One of the ancient fish that mature this is not yet extinct fish arowana (Scleropages sp). This fish until the last inch of seabad not known. Lucky there are two German scientists named Muller and Schlegel interested in the beauty of the fish they find in South America. Their research to find out the fish is not known. Both give the name of the fish Osteoglossum formosum.

However, in 1913 two Dutch experts Zoology Max Weber and LF de Beaufort change the name to Scleropages formosus. Until the discovery of the past by Japanese scientists Kanazawa in 1966, has found many types of arowana. At least four have been known genus of the Arapaima with one species (Arapaima gigas), Osteoglossum with the two species, namely Osteoglossum bicirrhosum and Osteoglossum ferreirai, then the genus Scleropages with four species, namely Scleropages formosus, Scleropages guntheri, Scleropaghes leichardti and Scleropages jardini. Genus is the final Clupisudis with single species Cluoisudis nilot.

Meanwhile in Indonesia, which is found very many types of Super Red Arowana (Scleropages formosus). Arowana this type of very many of the rivers and lakes in Sintang and Kapuas Hulu in West Kalimantan. Rivers, which is the Kapuas River that store many types of arowana such as rivers or lake’s not have and river flows quietly, not sederas Kapuas River.
Besides in West Kalimantan, arowana also found in Sumatra, mainly in Riau and Jambi region, but the type is Arowana Merah (Red Golden Arowana) This is still the species, including Scleropages formosus.

Basic colour arowana Sumatra is golden yellow in the head and the tail fin and the back in red. Arowana diincar that many collectors are not "bergincu" lips. However pamornya not sehebat Super Red Arowana.
Type arowana that there are in Indonesia is arowana green (green arowana), which is also found in many Kalimantan, among other things to do in the River and River Mensiku. The main characteristic of any green on the tail. However, the colour green is often not visible because of a closed red. Only in the adult, the colour green is more clearly visible. Arowana green have habibat this is the colour of river water is not clean, brown water.

There are two types of arowana others who also live in Indonesia, namely, in Papua, but perhaps not the population is too large. Collectors also prefer arowana this type of hunting in the Australian population is quite high.
In Australia's population of arowana Scleropages jardini and Scleropages leichardti high. The first type mainly found in the River of Queensland and Jardine River. Characteristics, “berbintik” red body, the stomach of silver. While many types of Scleropages leichardti found in the River Fitzroy River, Mary River, Dawson and Burnett River in Australia. This type in Indonesia also found in some small rivers in Papua. However, as yet Papuans observation in the intensive, many people estimate the population of both types of arowana this big. Meanwhile, Silver Arowana species and found many Black Arowana South America, North and several rivers in Africa. In Indonesia as the population arowana in Papua, has not been recorded. Selecting Arowana or Not arowana easy to choose the good. Necessary knowledge and experience. For beginners it is difficult. However, among collectors as there is a "consensus" to see the quality of arowana movement of the head, tail, scale and form of the body. Arowana a healthy and quality usually sprightly movement, can not be silent. He will explore the vast Aquarium and nimble prey food provided. Meanwhile, the sick arowana vice versa. Slow movement, no desire to eat, and prefer mematuki wall Aquarium. Arowana physical form is good, among other forms of body with the back straight and long. Punggungnya not as prominent and humped camels. Effects sturdy and strong. With disabilities agencies do not exist or scar. Sisiknya bright colors and shiny. Arowana mouth wide. Rahangnya is not the same between the bottom and top. Longer mandible. In the chin there is a pair of grouse that long. Do not until there is muttering that end. For the arowana, muttering that end can not grow again. Arowana not sulk permanent disability which means that for the very arowananya own movement and mercurial movement. Arowana both have tails that are large and shaped like a fan. Must be the tail that is not ragged trimmed, the former may bite wounds as a result of fighting each other. What also be important, not to choose the tails arowana freckled white. Arowana scale must neatly arranged, not rough, and no scar. The scales should be shiny surface and not many will. Physical arowana a very important note is the eyes. Eyes must be big and round. However, do not choose to arowana the goggle eyes or prominent to the top or bottom. Be careful with arowana the blind. Note also arowana gills should be normal, with the cover and meetings hard. Do not cover up to the gills arowana curve to the outside, as will the bernapasnya. About the color is very dependent on the enjoyment arowana collectors. For the many options that can be done. However, that must be observed first, whether the color is good, not brilliant but dull. in accordance with the desire. For the colour that is not bright and shiny is not impossible that signifies the dragon fish are sick.

The characteristics Arowana

Arowana groups, including the primitive fish. A variety of fossil fish found within this place and suspected aged between 10 -60 million years (depending on the species and place). They have been evolving for more than 10 million years, so the fish can be said this is a fish-resistant and long-tossing. Arowana classified in the family fish "karuhun", namely Osteoglasidae or family fish "bony-tongue" (bony tongue), as the basic form of mouth, bone, which functions as a dentist. Arowana have various epithets, such as: Fish Dragon (Dragon Fish), Nightlife, Saratoga, Pla Tapad, lethargic, Siluk, Kayangan, Peyang, Tangkelese, Aruwana, or Arowana, depending on the place.
As ancient fish, arowana shape and appearance has a beautiful and unique. Body stretching, slim, and "stream line", while the movement moving in the water very elegant. Arowana have in the natural colour varies from green, silver, to red. Two grouse appear to mind from the lips beneath. Grouse this work as vibration sensors to know the position of victims in surface water. The Leaders of this ornamental fish enter this grouse in the assessment criteria beauty of the fish concerned.
Arowana fish is a large and sometimes aggressive nature, so that not all people are interested in maintaining arowana. With the size of the required size aquarium that is greater than the standard size aquarium. In arowana have the potential growth rate is high, especially when given feed protein high. In aquarium arowana can grow to about 60 cm, while in nature can reach 90 cm more, even on certain types can reach 270 cm (arowana origin of South America).
Arowana fish is a top swimmer, shape mouth very clearly show this. In nature they usually swim near the surface, and as luck hunting insects. Therefore arowana feeding is not a difficult thing for we know that they are "feeder surface." In general arowana not include voters in food, they can receive all types of feed for fish carnivore, but often they are so very like one kind of food only, and reject the other Janis.
Arowana the fish hopper, in the natural insects they can catch a perch on twigs the height 1-2 meters from the surface of the water. Therefore we need to consider whether to close the aquarium if you want to take care of the aquarium.
Arowana be resistant to attack, including a variety of diseases. But they will be sensitive to changes in water quality, especially to increase the rate of ammonia, Nitrite and nitrate.

Plant vendors survive amid crunch, fickle trends

With rapt attention, 30-year-old Sudir cleaned the leaves of the plants in the neatly arrayed pots in his flower garden. The garden is home to hundreds of species of ornamental plants, and Sudir takes good care of them all, watering and spraying them regularly with pesticide.

A little later, a prospective buyer came to his garden to take a look at the flowering plants.

Sudir, a resident of Baturraden and the owner of an ornamental plant stall named Mekar Sari, is one such vendor visitors will find along the way to the Baturraden tourist destination in Banyumas regency, Central Java. These stalls are located about 2 kilometers from the tourist site and are part of Baturraden's natural tourism attractions.

Sudir told The Jakarta Post that he had been running the business at the same spot for about four years, renting the adjacent plot of land to have space for his flower pots.

""I rent the land at Rp 2 million a year,"" he said, adding that he had over 150 species of ornamental plants on the plot. Some of these he planted himself while the others, he had bought and transported from other cities.

""Some were bought in Surabaya, Bandung and several other places,"" Sudir said.

""The ornamental plant business is rather sluggish now, though. It's been this way since early this year. I don't know why, but perhaps it is due to the difficult economic condition,"" he added.

During such straitened times, he went on, people prioritized their primary needs and placed other needs and interests, including horticultural hobbies, at the bottom of their priority list.

""Ornamental plants are secondary needs. How can you force yourself to buy ornamental plants when you find it difficult to meet your primary needs?"" he said. In the last few months, Sudir said his earnings from the business had been uncertain.

Previously, when economic conditions were relatively normal, he sold at least one plant a day. These days, he often goes a week without any sales.

""The other flower vendors here are also experiencing the same thing,"" he said.

The plants Sudir sells range in price from Rp 1,000 to a few million.

""The most expensive plants cost about Rp 3 million each. These include the Anthurium and Cemarang Udang, but others cost only Rp 1,000, like the krokot (purslane) and Beauty,"" he said.

Aside from tourists, many of his customers are Purwokerto locals.

""Local buyers are usually people who keep ornamental plants as a hobby. They are our regulars. As for the tourists, they buy plants that have caught their eye at the tourist site,"" said Sudir.

One of the most popular plants among his buyers is the Evorbia (Euphorbia, spurges): ""The price has dropped considerably but many people still like this plant. Four months ago I could sell a 20-cm spurge at Rp 100,000, but today it's good if we can sell it for Rp 10,000.""

At present, the Gelombang Cinta (Anthurium, ""Wave of Love"") and geraniums are increasingly popular. These two species of flowering plants can cost between Rp 50,000 and Rp 1 million.

""The price of a flowering plant depends on the condition, like that of cage birds. At one time it can be cheap, but the price can suddenly shoot up or vice-versa. It seems as though some individuals are controlling the prices,"" said Sudir.

For example, he said, when the spurge first appeared, it cost about Rp 500,000, but five months later the price fell sharply. At present, few people are interested to buy the tallest spurge (about 1 meter) for Rp 25,000.

Muhsonudin, 40, another flowering plant vendor, agreed with Sudir about the fluctuation in prices.

""These prices are arranged by the big traders. They can create a particular image about a flower, its price introduced to the public through the mass media. So the price does not depend on the quality of the flower. Like with the Anthurium, what's good about this plant? It was rather rare at first, so the price was high. Now that many people grow this plant, of course the price drops,"" he said.

This was why, he went on, ornamental plant sellers must actively keep in touch with market trends, both nationally and internationally.
""Don't think that this concerns only ordinary farmers. Today, there is a business network of major flower traders that control prices. Even the names of the flowers are specially created to sound exotic so that high prices can be quoted. Take the Gelombang Cinta. This is a new name and the plant is a hybrid,"" said Muhsonudin.

Aside from keeping up with the latest trends, flowering plant vendors must also manage their businesses cleverly to anticipate price fluctuations.

""If the price of a particular plant begins to drop, don't keep a large stock because the price will continue to slide and soon there will be a new species to replace it,"" said Muhsonudin. ""Small-scale sellers who know little about this will surely go bankrupt quickly.""
Another trick to ensure survival in this business, he said, is to take good care of the plants, giving them sufficient water and spraying pesticide so that they always look fresh.
""This is a very basic standard of plant maintenance and every flower vendor must practice it. The most important thing, though, is to be able to capture the latest market trend,"" Muhsodin said.
""When a new flower appears (on the market), buy it straight away, even if it is expensive. Then breed the plants up to the peak of the trend, then stop and clear out stock. Then wait until a new species is introduced in the media.

Agus Maryono, The Jakarta Post, Purwokerto

Holidaying while learning something at Bali Botanical Garden

During their one and a half years in Bali, Rogier Eijkens and his family have gone to Bedugul six times for a holiday. For Eijkens, a Dutch citizen residing in Padanggalak Sanur, holidaying in Bedugul is much better than going to Kuta, Sanur, Nusa Dua and the like.

"If we come here for a holiday, my kids can learn about nature," said Eijkens, who has two children with his Indonesian wife. In Bedugul, he went on, visitors can learn about plants, for example, the species, where the plants come from and what they are useful for.

"More importantly, my children will realized that nature must be protected," said Eijkens, who is the head of an international NGO in Bali.

For many tourists, Bali is noted for three things: sun, sea and sand. Tourists coming to Bali usually visit Kuta, Nusa Dua, Tanah Lot and other coastal areas. However, Bali also has a number of cool places that are good to visit during the wet season. For many domestic holidaymakers, Bedugul is one of their favorite places.

Bedugul is located in the border area between Tabanan and Bulelang regencies, about 90 km from Denpasar in the direction of Singaraja. It takes 1.5 to two hours by car to reach.

Located 1,250 meters above sea level, Bedugul is one of the cool places in Bali, apart from Kintamani, Bangli. Bedugul has more to offer as it has three lakes: Beratan, Buyan and Tamblingan. These three lakes are water sources for Bali. As the weather is cool, the place is suitable for plants and there are tropical forests in the area. Bedugul has the only botanical garden on Bali, namely Bali Botanical Garden. Therefore, holidaying in Bedugul is not just fun but also an opportunity to learn more about nature.

"I like this place because it is cool, beautiful, vast and also because it has a lot of plant varieties," Eijkens said. According to Eijkens, who once lived in Bogor, West Java, Bali Botanical Garden can compete with Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java, which is the largest botanical garden in Indonesia.

"Unfortunately, Bedugul lacks promotion," said Eijkens. In fact, Bedugul has a lot of superior qualities. Its location, for example, is not too far from Denpasar. As a tourist resort, Bedugul is affordable. Entry to the botanical garden is just Rp 10,000 per person.

Bali Botanical Garden is a protected area and a tourist destination as well as a conservation and research center.

When it rains, a visitor can drive around this 154-hectare botanical garden, although the best way to explore the garden is on foot.

During the holiday season or on weekends, families from Denpasar come here to sit under the leafy trees. Children play soccer while their parents chat under the casuarina trees. These trees are often host to other plants such as ferns, orchids or a collection of betel vines, jasmine, coral trees and turmeric.

Plants and the landscape are the main attractions of Bali Botanical Garden. There are thousands of species here. The garden has six tracks for visitors to explore, namely the Yellow Track, the Orange Track, the Violet Track, the Red Track, the Blue Track and the Bird Track. Cars can pass these tracks but not motorcycles or buses. The tracks are interconnected and direction boards can be found along the tracks so visitors can find their way around.

The most popular track of the six is the Violet Track, along which visitors can view wild orchids and cactuses. There are about 4,000 species of orchids such as scorpion orchids (Arachnis flos-aeris), which are bright brown flowers interspersed with pink, soil orchids (Spathologlottis plicata) and orchids from North and South America.

"The various orchids here is one aspect of the botanical garden that I like the most," Eijkens said.

Besides the flora in the Bali Botanical Garden, there is also a hotel. The cheapest room is Rp 100,000 per night. There is also a compound that groups of visitors can rent. And there is a meeting room for events held by companies or government agencies.

Eijkens, however, believes more facilities will be needed. "Perhaps it is necessary to add more facilities so that standard tourist needs are met. The existing facilities are more suitable for backpackers," he said.

There are several interesting spots in the botanical garden. One of the most popular is Lake View Point, where one can sit on the grass and savor the beauty of Beratan Lake, the largest lake in Bedugul. Many tourists come here to sit and talk, while some play ball games.

If you are lucky, after rain you can see a rainbow over Beratan Lake.

The shores of Beratan Lake on the other side of Bedugul is also a popular site. Entrance to the lake from this side is from the road between Denpasar and Singaraja. However, if you want to enjoy it better, it is best to enter from another gate. From the botanical garden, take the road toward Denpasar and then turn left.

Boat rides costing Rp 25,000 can be taken to enjoy the whole lake. One boat is large enough for four passengers. "My kids love taking a boat ride here," Eijkens said.

The boats take visitors around Beratan Lake, which is surrounded by lush hills. Caves hills on the eastern side of the lake were used by Japanese troops during the war as a hideout, but unfortunately there are now inaccessible.

Buyan and Tamblingan lakes are in Sukasada district, Buleleng regency. Buyan Lake, which is located on the left of the road of Pancasari village, is popluar among anglers as it has an abundance of fish. Although fewer tourists are found here than at Beratan, this lake can also be an interesting place to visit during a trip to Bedugul.

The last lake is Tamblingan Lake, which is about five kilometers from Lake Buyan. To get to this lake, you must pass an uphill road with sharp bends. The road is located on Pangelengan Hill, where the caves used Japanese troops used during WW II are located. However, the caves do not attract much attention as the area is also a habitat for tame monkeys. Visitors can stop here to pray at a small temple along the road or interact with the monkeys. To get to Tamblingan Lake, take the road veering to the left in the direction of Munduk from the road to Singaraja after passing Pangelengan Hill. The road here is straight but goes up and dips several times. The road seems to travel along the very top of the hill and two lakes can be seen on the left and Singaraja in the distance on the right.

No visit to Bedugul is complete without a visit to Candikuning Market. The market is located on the left side of the Denpasar-Singaraja road close to the entrance to Bedugul Botanical Garden. Here you can buy various kinds of fruit such as rambutan, salak (snake fruit), bananas, apples and so forth. The most well-known fruit from Bedugul, however, is the strawberry. The strawberries are so succulent that biting into one of these makes the trip to Bedugul worth it all on its own.

Source: Anton Muhajir , Contributor , Bedugul

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)

Status of this fish is in Appendix I of CITES, the trade abroad this type must meet international rules set by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES). In addition, the arowana is a protected wildlife laws of the Republic of Indonesia, so that the benefit from penangkaran, permitting the procedure to export must meet the rules and regulations.
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES), an international agreement that regulates the trade of the species of plants and wildlife and products. Agreement was established in 1973 and take effect on July 1, 1975
Based on the level of scarcity, CITES share of plants and animals in three categories, namely Appendix I, II, and III. Appendix I contains species that are endangered, so circulation from one country to another are prohibited, except for the specific purpose that does not disrupt the natural population. Appendix II contains species that although not currently threatened with extinction, but when international trade is not controlled it will already be endangered. Appendix III contains species that are considered by certain countries need to be controlled internationally, although in other countries, which is the distribution of species is not considered necessary international control
International trade activities, according to the provisions of CITES, implemented with the quota trading of plants and wildlife that are set by the Director General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation, Department of Forestry, based on the recommendations the Indonesian Institute of Sciences for a period of time each year to include the type of good or not included in the list CITES Appendix both of which are protected or not protected by law
Indonesia has ratified the CITES through the Presidential Decree number 43 1978, which brought the consequences of trafficking in plants and wildlife of the government of Indonesia must follow the provisions of CITES. As an Authority Manager (Management Authority) of CITES in Indonesia is the Ministry of Forestry, according to government regulation number 8 of 1999.
Each business unit penangkaran also set a mandatory limit on the number of results penangkaranya as the maximum limit the type and number of specimens of plants and wildlife that can be taken from each business unit penangkaran. Penangkaran limits the number of results is a specimen that can be used for the purpose of trafficking both in and outside the country. The species of S. Formosus, must be a descendant of the second (F2) and or have been declared as a wildlife species that are not protected.
Arowana trading must be marked (Tagging) a micro chip put into the body of the fish. Besides can utilize the specimen plants and wildlife, each business unit penangkaran obliged to do Restocking (refund to the natural habitat) for the specimen results penangkaran have to meet qualification standards penangkaran at least 10% of the results penangkaran necessarily apply certain rules and requirements.
For trade activities abroad arowana fish can be done by the Bureau of Business who has a permit as Adventures arowana fish to foreign countries. Permit as Adventures arowana fish to overseas published by the Director General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation, Department of Forestry. Concessioner as Adventures abroad can carry or send arowana fish to foreign regulations that apply, with a CITES-export documents. Some cultivators arowana in Indonesia in Jakarta, Bekasi, and Pontianak.
Arowana (Scleropages formosus) is a species of fish are protected by law and in daftra Appendix I of CITES. However, the fish trade is allowed when the conditions meet the applicable rules of international good also, according to CITES regulations in other countries. Arowana, which are traded can be the results of arowana is production (penangkaran) registered in the Secretariat of CITES (Switzerland). CITES register is a guarantee that the business unit penangkaran referred to successfully meet the standards and qualifications. However, every effort penangkaran results penangkaran set limits for each type based on fekunditas (production level) penangkarannya. Based on the register and guarantee the level of production that do not apply the quota for each business production (penangkaran) for export.

Protection against Scleropages formosus

Each country has a wealth of natural vegetation and wildlife. The natural wealth can be used for the prosperity of the people, one is in the form of trade. In the trading limitations and must consider the survival of species of plants and wildlife enterprise. We certainly do not want to happen extinction due to the utilization of those species. One of the class of animal or fish Fishes traded and have high economic value is the arowana (Scleropages formosus), particularly sub-species of super red Scleropages formosus has two variations of color, namely red and green. The difference is caused by differences in habitat. The shape of the mouth of arowana leading to the top and have a pair of grouse in the lower lip. The size of his mouth wide and firm enough jaw. Dental totalling 15-17. Arowana very long varies adults, between 30-80cm

Arowana living in the river have with the basic-stones, lakes, swamps and water are common, which have current or slow. Capable of living in a slightly acid (pH 4-6). In phase reproduction arowana has the habit to keep their children in the mouth (mouth Breeder). Fekunditas this fish ranged between 20-60 eggs are closely related to the age of the fish. Hatch eggs and nurture children held between 1-2 months. Young arowana have yellow egg that will be absorbed as food within 1 month up to 6-7 cm in size, after it removed the mainland because they can already find themselves the victim. Arowana known adult living alone and to fighting aggressively attack. Arowana active swimmers in the water surface at night to search for prey, while in the day tend to live in the waters. The food can be insects, small fish, shrimp, monocrop (crustacea), children frogs, catfish and water plants.

Patterns of color super red arowana is very typical, circle the scales emit red light yellowish. Red circle scale is trusted to bring profits for their owners, the older the age of fish scales luck color circle will be more red
Taxonomic arowana:
Phylum: Chordata,
Subfilum: Vertebrata,
Clas: Fishes,
Knights: Osteoglossiformes,
Family: Osteoglossidae.
Genus: Scleropages,
Species: Scleropages formosus

Endemic super red arowana, endemic only in West Kalimantan, are in Kapuas Hulu and lakes in West Kalimantan. Utilization of arowana generally to Pets (displayed in the Aquarium) as a means of hobby, a bright colour scale, the slow movement, but elegant, and beautiful body that drugs can be stressful for the exhibition.
Price of Scleropages formosus (super red) in the domestic market size of 10 cm around Rp. 4 - 7 million (depending on quality), while the market price of overseas generally greater than about 2 times. However, the price can fall when the buyer, buying in large party. Ethnic Chinese believe that the arowana as a hockey / fortune for the owners because they are considered as a kind of ancient fish that have not yet extinct, and similar to the dragon (the dragon fish / oscarv or dragon fish), especially for the type of super red that comes from Kalimantan. The main fish export market is China and Japan. Status of arowana fish is a protected Act (based on the Decree of the Minister of Agriculture No.716/Kpts/Um/10/1980, Director General of the Decree No. PHPA. 07/Kpts/DJ-VI/1988, Instruction Director General of Fisheries No.IK-250 / D.4.2955/83K, the Decree of the Minister of Forestry No.516/Kpts/II / 1995 and Government Regulation No.7 of 1999). In West Kalimantan Governor has issued announcements about the protection of arowana. Entrance in the IUCN Red Data Book 1969, and July 1, 1975 entry list Appendix I of CITES.